An Assignment On Counseling And Counseling - 1321 Words

Task 1: Counselling Skills- Counselling is a process which enables a person to resolve personal or psychological problems by the provision of professional assistance and guidance reach decisions affecting their life. Counselling is sought out at times of change or crisis. Talking therapies such as counselling can be used to help with many different mental health conditions, including: †¢ Depression †¢ Anxiety †¢ Eating Disorders †¢ Drug misuse. Counselling aims to help you deal with and overcome issues that are causing emotional pain or making you feel uncomfortable. It allows you to explore difficult feelings which you wouldn’t be able to on your own. The counsellor is there to support and respect you and your views. They won’t usually give you advice but they’ll guide you and help you find your own insights and understanding of your problems. Other problems which counselling can help you with are: †¢ Bereavement or relationship breakdown †¢ Redundancy or work related stress †¢ Explore issues such as sexual identity †¢ Feel more confident. At the beginning of the counselling session, the counsellor will initiate themselves and the client. The counsellor makes it clear about confidentiality and the boundaries that the counsellor offers. Confidentiality is very important, the identity of the client is never revealed and nothing is repeated outside of the counselling session. However, there are some legal expectations. For example: if the client is in harm of themselves or threatensShow MoreRelatedInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 Pagesworldview for counseling and marriage and family practice. Ethical issues relevant to the use of spiritual and religious interventions with individuals, couples, families are considered, along with current research related to spirituality and counseling. Rationale Integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality provides students an overview of integration models as a theoretical and practical foundation for faith-based counseling. In order to practice Christian counseling, professionalRead MoreLegal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the services of the counseling field is through online counseling. According toRead MoreThe Counseling Requirements Of The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Of 19901061 Words   |  5 PagesIPPE II On-Site Assignments Students, This assignment should be completed and turned in via Blackboard by 5:00 PM the Thursday AFTER your assigned reflection lab. Assignment 1: Patient Counseling 1. Describe the counseling requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA 90). The pharmacist must offer to discuss the unique drug therapy regimen of each Medicaid recipient when filling prescriptions for them. Each patient must be made an offer to be counseled by the pharmacistRead MoreReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pagesresources in our society that will assist people that have served in the way. Certain things like VA hospitals and helping them deal with their past trauma. The fourth resource that I took away from this course is learning about the multiple career counseling theories; this will assist in my communication and helping with my client as it relates to their future goals. The fourth fact that I learned from this course is the importance of self-care and making sure every day you are taking good care of yourselfRead MoreUnit 9 Assignment694 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment: Treatment Plan For your last Assignment, you will evaluate another case study. Click here to watch a presentation of the Case of Sarah. If you would like a transcript of the presentation, click here. Although Sarah may benefit from many different types of interventions, this project should focus on using group therapy to help Sarah. In your paper, you should address the following: 1. Why might you consider Sarah a good candidate for group counseling? What do you see as the potentialRead MoreCounseling At East Carolina University s Center For Counseling And Student Development1255 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Counseling Experience It is strongly encouraged that counselors in training experience personal counseling. It is considered a growth experience for future counselors. Equally important, it is an opportunity for the counselor in training to seek help for any personal concerns/issues. I chose to seek counseling at East Carolina University’s Center for Counseling and Student Development. After attending at least five personal counseling sessions, I have gain useful insight about the counselingRead MorePastoral Reflection paper1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Pastoral Counseling Reflection Paper University Abstract This paper shares a reflection of my pastoral counseling experiences. My experiences have been while serving overseas as a M, along with my time serving at Church as the Assiocate Pastor. In this paper I will share past events and what I have learned from them when it comes to counseling. I will share what I have learned through reading the assignment required by PACO 500 and how it has changed the way I view my past experiencesRead MorePractical Philosophy And Conversational Counseling787 Words   |  4 PagesPractical Philosophy and Conversational Counseling For the past 5 years the writer, on a volunteer and informal basis has been given access to clients of a Homeless Shelter, Veterans Residential Center and Addiction Treatment Center in Phoenix, Arizona. At these locations the writer has conducted individual and group weekly sessions with an emphasis on the abuse of alcohol and drugs utilizing Practical Philosophy and Conversational Counseling to supplement meditation sessions. Group size averagesRead MorePersonal Reflection On My Personal Philosophy1329 Words   |  6 Pageson my life experiences, I will explore how my upbringing, and my faith influenced my morals and values. This paper will also explore ethical issues in counseling, and ethical codes used to resolve the issues. In addition, this paper I will reflect how this course has changed me in certain aspects regarding ethics and legal obligations in counseling. Section I 1) Family influences My parents have definitely influenced the decisions I make. My parents have always helped to teach me right from wrongRead MoreLife Coaching Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional coaching applications that serve marital relationship concerns. The course covers marital issues from a Christian worldview with special attention given to a biblical foundation of marriage coaching and differences between coaching and counseling models. Rationale As a basis for their work, marriage coaches should have a thorough understanding of coaching models, theory, and application. This understanding serves to heighten the coaches’ effectiveness in formulating effective coaching

Philosophy Montessori Free Essays

string(101) " The functional of these eyes can be exercised with identifying the size, shape, color of materials\." â€Å"A child’s different inner sensibilities enable him to choose from his complex environment what is suitable and necessary for his growth. They make the child sensitive to some things, but leave him indifferent to others. When a particular sensitiveness is aroused in a child, it is like a light shines on some objects but not others, making of them his whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy Montessori or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The Secret of Childhood, p. 42, Chap 7 . Define the terms of sensitive periods and explain how the teacher’s knowledge and understanding of these periods determines his/her preparation and custodianship of the prepared environment A child is a unique human being who possesses countless potentialities since his early age. He is endowed through abilities to develop both physical and psychic constructions by himself. The development and growth for physical or external area is visible. Yet, the inner mechanism is still imperfectly understood. There are two studies are contained in these inner mechanism. The glands and secretion connected with physical growth, the other is an understanding of child’s mental growth which is called â€Å"sensitive period†. It is a period of child where he can manifest his certain ability in perfectly manner. During these periods, a child has maximum sensitivity towards a particular knowledge or skill. This sensitivity lasts in certain period of child’s life and does not reoccur in other child’s age. Once the child concentrates with one aspect of skill, he will exclude others. He does the repetition to practice his ability with passion, love and even his inner force, and it continues until he feels satisfied and serene. Since, this is the best moment when the child develops his inner mental growth, a teacher should notice the indication from his appearance then enhance his ability by aiding him a right kind of stimuli through prepared environment and encourage him in special time of learning. Therefore, it can optimize the child’s new ability. As one of internal aid for child’s psychic development, the sensitive periods can achieve a child’s personal construction with two conditions. Firstly, the child needs a prepared environment, both things and the people surroundings, which is suitable and necessary for his growth. Secondly, the child requires freedom. Let the child chooses his own rhythm and law of development to explore and fulfill his need, this will put him into happiness, joyful and peace. If the teacher, as an adult cannot create these two conditions, he will not reach his potential and his personal development will be stunted. And his opportunity to master in those abilities as a human will be lost evermore. The sensitive periods are categorized in six terms, the order with environment, the sensory impression, the ability to use language, the development of walking and movement, the interest of small objects, and the spirit to be involved with social life. †A very important and mysterious period is the one which makes a child extremely sensitive to order. This sensitiveness appears in a child’s first year and continues on through the second. It may seem slightly fantastic that children should have a sensitive period with respect to external order, since it is a common opinion that children are disorderly by their very nature. (The Secret of Childhood, p. 49, Chap 8) Sensibility to order of child, it is truly shown since the first month of age. However, as an adult, parent often doesn’t notice this sensitiveness manifestation. The judgment that a child doesn’t have the ability to respect and react of external order become a common opinion. Montessori had observe d for some situations which showed the enthusiasm of child to have blissful and tranquil moment, in seeing things in organized arrangement. The tantrums and uncomfortable feelings that occasionally experienced by the child, is perhaps that he finds the obstacles when he tries to fulfill his needs. A story in Maria book: †In one such instance the principal character was a little girl about six months old. One day she saw a woman enter the room where she happened to be and placed her parasol upon the table. The child became agitated, not at the woman but at the umbrella, since after looking it for some times she became to cry. The woman thinking that she wanted the parasol picked it up and brought it to her with a pleasant smile. But the infant pushed it away and continues to scream. Efforts were made to calm the child, but to no avail. She only became more agitated. What could be done to solve the tantrum? Suddenly the mother of the child through some psychological insight took the umbrella from the table and carried it into another room. The child immediately grew calm. The cause of her disturbance was the umbrella on the table. An object out of place had violently upset the little girl’s pattern of memory as to how objects should be arranged. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 50, Chap 8) A child has a twofold sense of order. First is his perception of relationship to the environment. Second is his inner awareness of different parts of his body to have relationship with the objects. With those two senses, a child can experience the order based on precise and determined environment. So that, he can categorize his perception and build conceptual work, then he can deal with his world. The second sensitivity will appear is sensory impression through five senses. They are visual/seeing, auditory/hearing, olfactory/smell, tactile/touch, and gustatory/taste. By those senses, a child who has highly curiosity of every new thing will be able to explore and experience the environment. Smelling and gustatory sensibilities also can be learned from practical life activities, such as differentiate the herbs smell and sweet, salt, sour and bitter tastes. Afterward, in order to be able distinguish variation of sounds, a child is introduced with human voice, music also the source of the sound has been made. The visual sense is interpreted by the eyes. The functional of these eyes can be exercised with identifying the size, shape, color of materials. You read "Philosophy Montessori" in category "Papers" While the visual sensitivity is being developed, the tactile ability is also developing. Without touching the materials which are existed in his environment, a child will not stimuli his brain and practices his motor function. In order to develop his mind throughout these sensibilities, a child needs to hear, see, touch, smell and taste. He initially observes the object with the eyes, he understands the form, size, and color also by hands. Then, he perceives the name of the object when the adult teach him. By hearing the voice, he’s not only imitating the sound, this young human will use his knowledge and memory, and thus he can speak the object name with his tongue. All of this process definitely will develop his intelligence in nature way, molding his character, and directed his ego to organize his movement. The more trials moments that a child experienced with his senses, the more skills he can apply to accomplish his works in confident and orderly. Introducing to language for child is as good as possible in the early age. During this sensitive period, a child can absorb and imitate the sound of human that he hears. Although the baby doesn’t look like understand when an adult is talking with him, but his brain as absorbent mind is developing and radually achieves under his unconscious mind. In fact, he can distinguish some types of sounds, which are produced by animals, instrument or human. He only imitate to the human words, not to the other sounds. If he can notice as many as words in his sensitivity period, he will enrich his vocabularies which useful in the future. Between the age of year and two, a child has the sensitivity to be more active. He starts to walk, run, climb, even jump in every type of environment, he surely move with his own purpose, unlike the adult. An infant, on the other hand, walks to perfect his own proper function, and consequently his goal is something creative within himself. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 78, Chap 11) While doing the walking practicing, he still doesn’t have any pattern, rhythm also reason for any movement he makes. He barely walks toward something that attracted him in one point of position. An adult can assist him to develop his ability, by keeping in mind to give up all adult’s pace and goal. But, follow the child’s need as long as he can finalize his one passage of walk. It is important to know that an infant is only able to develop his ability to walk, when he passes all the processes of walking from the beginning. The first step that he makes, tries to figure out how to balance when changing one foot to another to stand, stands and walks with two feet perfectly. Alongside he develops his physical strength, his psychic life also improved. The growth of muscles which connect between cells and tissues will not be optimal if a child is not involved in such physical activities. When his physical condition is in health condition, he also creates his spirit, courage and self-confidence. â€Å"From the beginning of its second year a child is no longer carried away by gaudy objects and brilliant colors with that transport of joy so characteristic of the sensitive periods, but becomes interested in tiny objects that escape our notice. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 64, Chap 9) His concentration towards a specific thing in one object, somehow the adult have no attention or even invisible on it. Yet, a child who likes to be an observer is be able to focus on these small things. He can spend a lot of minutes to only watch and look a painting that contain many details in pictures, color, and shapes. Or perhaps to pay attention on the shapes of stones, the forms of flies or plants. His sensibility in this period can increase his focus and concentration to higher level. The last part from child’s sensitive period is his spirit to be engaged in social environment. He begins to recognize the rules of his environment, his rights and responsibilities. How he serves the surroundings with a proper manner as well as himself. He learns to have a friendship and starts to be united in a group. If all the conditions can occur in a harmony, a peace community among the children can be established. To stimuli this child’s sensitive periods thus can reveal his potentialities, Montessori has her method that can help a child’s live successful and happily in this world. We have to fully understand her philosophy and kept in mind that this method only can be perfectly done if it is considered in open minded, instead of fixed one. There are two components which support the child’s development with environment, including materials and exercises also the teacher who prepares the environment. This is because a prepared environment is the place to nourish the child. He needs it to enhance his self-construction, so he can reveal his own personality growth in such natural approach. On the other hand, the teacher should learn the theory, observes the child and try to recognize the obstacles that can hinder the child development, and remove them from his environment. The first component of this method is prepared environment. As a teacher, she must knowledge and understands what kind of environment that she can prepare to help the child’s life development. The criteria which are should be applied in Montessori classroom are concept of freedom, structure and order, reality and nature, beauty and atmosphere, Montessori materials and the development of community life. Through freedom a child can have the opportunity to reveal himself. To aid the child’s psychic development, a teacher can secretly observe the child while he is doing the works. Also, through freedom, a child can possess himself with his own pattern of development, by using his inner guidance to improve his growth. Besides freedom, the environment should have the structure and order. The aim of this structure and order is due to a child needs to build his own perception and intelligence, from predetermine and precise environment. From that condition, the confidentiality from child to deal towards his life will incarnate. Since a child love to something in order, in this creative moment, as teacher orderly has to take care the materials in the classroom. They should be arranged in sequence and classified as per difficulty level of materials. Then, if the child accomplish one activity, he knows that he has to return back the apparatus in the right place as same as he has taken before. â€Å"The child must have the opportunity to internalize the limits of nature and reality if he is to be freed from his fantasies and illusions, both physical and psychological. † (A Modern Approach, p. 57, Chap 3) The child must deal with nature and reality. We live in this world where the natural things exist. For example a tree, a child can practice his sensibility of five senses. From nature, a teacher can inform the child that the nature is the thing that serves us during our lifetime, so that as human beings we can still alive and survive. In this world, also he will face the reality condition. By understanding from his every action he made, he will have the consequences. In Montessori, the child will learn how to do the housework with the real utensils. A child will use a real knife to cut the vegetables or pouring the water from a real glass jug. A child also learns if there is a condition that doesn’t happen as he expects, he has to accept it gracefully, instead of being upset or angry. The child comes to see that he must respect the work of others, not because someone has said he must, but because this is a reality that he meets in his daily experience. † (The Absorbent Mind, p. 223, Chap 22) The fourth part of prepared environment is beauty and atmosphere. Montessori felt that the environment should be simple, bright color, cheerful and ha rmoniously arranged. It makes the environment feel so relaxing, warm and conducive for the children activities. The other important element is Montessori materials itself. They should have a purpose for the child’s development. The difficulty or error of each material that could be figured out by the child must be isolated in a single piece of material. The designs of materials must be gradually composed from simple to complex. Also they are able to use for future learning. The last thing of prepared environment is development of community life. It has three key elements that contains of sense of ownership and responsibility, responsibility the children begin to feel for each other and the inclusion of children of different ages in class. A person, who intends to be a Montessori teacher, must prepare herself. She has to think that a teacher is not the person, who has to teach or control all over the activities in class and to be followed by the students. But, she has to understand the children that they have their own manner to accomplish their works in the class. A teacher must refrain herself to interfere the child when he is in the processing his physic and psychic area through the materials, otherwise one of trait which being developed at that moment will be vanished or done improperly. As a teacher, must look in each child as one unique individual, that one to another might have different type of characteristics. So that, she has to devote her energy to help the child step by step, thus he can attain his aim in order to deal with his environment independently. She usually does by obtaining three aspects. Firstly, her responsibility to custodian and keep the environment to be the component that can attract the child’s attention, thus he can fulfill his needs in freedom and without any distraction from others. When the teacher can design a harmony situation where the child takes place during his working times, so the aim of this method will be achieved in proper way. It includes the previous explanation regarding the prepared environment. Secondly, once the environment has prepared properly the other thing that must be considered is the teacher’s action during the class. Before the child manifests his first period, she can show when she is taking care the child with hearten, lovely and warmth manner. Once the child feel comfortable, he will trust the teacher, and it is easy for the teacher, if she need to interfere the child when it is necessary. The last, when a child begins to attract by something, usually the teacher can introduce the practical life area as an initial exercised. Because, the child will meet those activities in his home every day, so that it will easier to be taught. When the child is interest to one material, the teacher explains to him, and he starts to work with it, the teacher must not interrupt him in any ways and anytime until he can finish it by his own laws. The steps will start from slow into exam, and the teacher must understand this pattern of development. These sensitive creative moments, will happen only once in child’s life time. Not only the child who has to observe and practice to be able reveal his hidden potentialities, but the teacher also has to observe and thinking every moment when the child manifests his interest of some new things or show some disorder behavior that might be caused by the environment or his inner problems. If this process goes in natural and proper way, the child can have concentration, build his confident and will feel satisfied when the can conquer one conquest. Then, a success human being with good personalities will be created, because he has the opportunities to explore and manifests his potentialities during his sensitive period. How to cite Philosophy Montessori, Papers

Effect of Monetary Benefits in Organizations

Question: Discuss about theEffect of Monetary Benefits in Organizations. Answer: A Critical Analysis on the Role of Money and other Financial Rewards in Motivating Employees Motivation acts like a force, which guides the action of employees in organizations (Grandey, Chi and Diamond 2013). It is important for all human beings but it bears a comparatively broader importance to the employees working in organizations. Nevertheless, it influences the organizational behaviours. A motivated employee is a precious asset for the concerned Company. Further, a motivated employee is extremely helpful for the organizational success (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford 2014). An organization runs through a collective workforce of employees. Moreover, a half-hearted dedication from employees may incur a significant loss to the organization. To serve the goal of a company, the utter dedication of its employees is of utmost importance. Motivated and skilled employees collectively construct the way for an organization to dream for a goal. There are several theories, which support the importance of motivation in employees as an integral part of an organizational behaviour. Of all those theories, Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory holds the supreme importance for its universal appeal (Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson 2013). As per the theory, there are different stages for an employee, which finds its inception ever since the employee has made his conjuncture with the Company. These stages are physical needs, security needs, self-respect and self-actualization. These are the four requirements that an employee seek for in organizations. Fulfilment of all these stages brings their life to a never before experience. However, in an atmosphere of diverse culture in organizations across the globe, meeting with all the stages hardly happens. There are hardly few companies, which are working with extreme care in all of these four stages. Nonetheless, they are successful entrepreneurs. All these four stages have their separate significa nce for an employee. However, all have separate values and all carries motivational credentials with them. A collective fulfilment of all these stages is extremely helpful for an employee but even a partial fulfilment do also hold the probable of bringing the motivation into the employee (Pilz and Gewald 2013). Development of motivation goes through different process through the candidature of employees in organizations. Ever since the inception, the first and the foremost requirement for an employee is their salary. The nature of work and the assigned task pressure may vary but the need for having a healthy salary package is of inseparable importance in employees (Cawley and Price 2013). The expected salary is not a result of workload but rather it is their requirement to fulfil their basic needs. However, the fact is also contradicting in its justification for a factual behaviour of few employees in the organization. There are employees who understand their responsibilities and try to fulfil their responsibilities even under a lesser payment. Moreover, some never realizes the importance of their contribution in organizations even if their payments have satisfied their needs. Nevertheless, salary structures do keep a significant place in an organizational performance but it does not posses s the guarantee of imparting the supreme work performance (Terera and Ngirande 2014). After the salary part, the safety of an employee in organizations also holds a significant importance in constructing the motivational thoughts in them. The places, which are always at threats of meeting with accidents such as bomb explosion, civilian attacks, and the fear of losing the life, encourages employees to develop a half-hearted commitment for their work (DuBrin 2013). The fear of losing the lives acts as a retarding force for the development of motivational force into them. However, even if the circumstances are favourable, it does not hold any guarantee of producing the desired result. Nonetheless, the case of failure in the motivational practising in such organization is also common there (Glasziou et al. 2012). The next most important point, which an employee look for in organizations are their self-respect. To some it matters a lot whereas some are there who do not possess any regard for this. Providing self-esteem to employees presents a transparent image of organizations towards their employees (Young, Beckman and Baker 2012). It is helpful in structuring a belief of self-satisfaction into employees, which helps them further in showing their utmost dedication towards their roles and responsibilities. Nevertheless, the utmost dedication then achieved, shows its reflection in the performance of the organization. However, there are some, to whom self-respect is just a matter of dignity, which enhances the image of an individual in the organization. Moreover, self-respect never influences their thoughts as they have more concerns for other parameters such as Salary and the Service Condition (Parke et al. 2013). Self-actualization in the Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory holds the most important characteristic of an organizational behaviour (Chng et al. 2012). Self-actualization is the one, which gives way to the motivational thoughts in employees. It happens in some cases that employees are often not aware of the consequences, which their contributions can bring to the organizational performance. In those cases, it evolves as the necessity to bring and inherit the instinct of self-actualization into such employees. Nevertheless, it arises as the necessity of incepting entrepreneurship skills in such organizations. Entrepreneurship skills by nature of it compels the management in successfully handling its employees with all the necessary elements required for incepting motivational thoughts in them. However, incepting entrepreneurship skills in an organization is not an easy task. It requires additional processing through which the inception of entrepreneurship skills happens. Moreover, foundat ion of entrepreneurship skills in an organization requires a huge investment for this. It put additional pressure on the financial resource of the Company. Further, this forms a boundary limit for those organizations, which are financially inefficient to cope with the changed requirement. Nonetheless, those organizations, which are financially inefficient, may fail in inheriting the self-actualization feeling into its employees (Altman, Valenzi and Hodgetts 2013). Organizational commitment is something, which dictates the right path to the desired goal. An organizational commitment is a colection of motivations, which never die (Thompson 2014). It rather compels its possessor for the utmost meeting with the set target. However, an organizational commitment is very rare in practice. Organizational commitment solely relies on the motivational thoughts of its employees, which suffers a serious loss in the otherwise situation. To make employees committed to their responsibilities, bringing the motivation in them is of supreme importance. Money and other financial awards given to employees can encourage them for the motivational thoughts, which is extremely decisive in incepting the organizational commitment. However, motivation is a broader concept, which is a collection of distinct characteristic of an organizational behaviour. Moreover, avoidance of any character may not result in as per the desire (Manzoor 2012). It is an undeniable fact that motivational thoughts influence the organizational characteristic of behaviours (Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal 2012). However, it is hard to find out a single characteristic that has with it a solid proof measures for the inception of motivational thoughts into employees. All the important aspects of the Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory can produce wonder as a collective workforce but it is very difficult for an organization to posses all these aspects. Nevertheless, different organizations have different work approach, which varies distinctively from one organization to other (Dalal et al. 2012). The adherence of all the aspects of the Maslows theory is not realistic. However, a partial adherence of these aspects are possible but still, it becomes difficult to analyse a single potential aspect out of all those, which can produce notable productivity. This is where the problem arises for those organizations, which have chosen a partial portion of those aspects . The chosen strategy based on any of the established theories in specific the Maslows Theory, might not produce the expected outcome to the organization. There are some arguments regarding the fact that money really motivates. Some have made this argument that intrinsic motivation is comparatively superior predictor of performance than the extrinsic motivation (Pinder 2014). It is very much feasible that focussing more on the monetary benefits keeps away a significant attention of one from its actual role in the organization. The actual role for an employee in the organization is way above the monetary and other physical rewards. It rather forms the backbone of an organization as it involves pleasing their rational curiosity, having enjoyment, learning fresh skills. These all are the core elements of an employee, which motivates it for the fundamental character of organizational behaviour. Some may argue that money is the most powerful weapon of all the battles of life but it does not establishes the fact that money satisfaction can bring all joy to the organization. An organization runs on the wheel of collective efforts of all its e mployees and the management (Adzei and Atinga 2012). Moreover, an organization cannot efficiently walk on its way without the collective contributions of all these fundamental elements of organizational behaviour. A more contemporary explanation of an organization suggests that the fundamentals of organizational behaviour are a collection of group efforts, working in the same direction to achieve the desired goal (Chiang and Birtch 2012). It is clear from the explanation that the absence of any of the necessary fundamental elements can cause significant loss to the organization. Organizational management and the motivation inception in employees have a very crucial link in between them, which are tying them in a crucial bonding that needs a serious care of established facts of organizational behaviour. However, this is not the scenario in most of the organizations in the contemporary world. In most of the cases, employees have no attachment with the organizational requirement, which can be because of their negligence due to irrespective of the reason. Money and other physical rewards do satisfy few employees but it carries with it a less probability of incepting the motivational thoughts in su ch employees (Garbers and Konradt 2014). Even a high salary payment does not possess any assurance of imparting the pure organizational fundamentals into employees. Moreover, the high salary payment does produce excitement but rarely encourages for fulfilling the desire of the Company. Indeed the entrepreneurship skills help in incepting the motivational thoughts into the employees. Money is the utmost requirement of an employee or of an organization but it requires certain processing for this to generate. For an employee, it requires their honest dedication towards the requirement of the organization. Further, to an organization, it requires utmost caring of them towards their employees with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Both move on the same wheel but with different directions. The first and the foremost aspect of the inception of an employee is the salary part, all the things then come later. It is hard to survive without money but again the same goes to everyone. Performance of employees dictates the path to the Company, which further creates the monetary benefits to the Company by achieving the set goals (Chiang and Birtch 2012). Moreover, an organization depends heavily on its employees as they form the workforce for the organization. Nonetheless, an organization can never move without its collective workforce. The performance of an organization caters home to many of the common people who are working there. In case of underperforming of an organization for any reason, it can leave its impact on its employees. They might lose their job, which has served them as their financial resource. These cases are very common today, which are creating a sense of fear among employees. In case of no projects to an organization, it generally keep those workforce with them who have proved their worthy in past with their organizational fundamentals. Rest who could not prove their worthiness rather their focus was more on salaries, organization generally ask them to leave, as there is no project. All the established facts and the contemporary thoughts arrive to the same conclusion that fundamental characteristic of an organization is way above the monetary benefits and the other physical rewards. For a long-term partnership in between the employees and the organizations they represent, there is an utter urgency of the motivated employees. Nevertheless, intrinsic rewards not the extrinsic rewards are the vital factor for incepting motivational thoughts into employees (Chiang and Birtch 2012). Money and the other physical rewards are a fundamental part of an organizational behaviour but it cannot effectively construct the motivational thoughts into employees. It rather can take them away from their prime role, which is to serve the organizations with full dedication. Focussing on the salary part most of the time distract the concentration of employees from the organizational values, which is extremely danger for the organization and for them also. Having desire for a good salary is not any sin but destroying anything, just for the sake of salary is not acceptable. The core values of an organizational fundamental are extremely important for both the organization and the employees. This brings the relation of harmony in between the employees and the organization, which they represent. Nevertheless, fulfilling the single desire and leaving rest apart, is not advisable for a peaceful run of an organization. However, the entire core values of organizational fundamentals under t he light of Maslows Theory do not find a foot hold in the organizational behaviour. Moreover, a collective inclusion of the entire fundamental characteristic can do wonder in favour of both the organization and its employees. It rather has the potential to turn things in favour of such organization, which have failed in catching the worldly attention. However, organizations in contemporary world are comparatively more attracted towards the extrinsic form of motivation. They believe in making employees satisfied as long as feasible in the organization. However, these are not the characteristic of an entrepreneur. A successful entrepreneur rather possesses all the necessary elements of fundamental behaviours for the organization it represent. Extrinsic motivation such as money and other physical rewards are important but not effective as much as the intrinsic form of motivation. References: Adzei, F.A. and Atinga, R.A., 2012. Motivation and retention of health workers in Ghana's district hospitals: addressing the critical issues.Journal of Health Organization and Management,26(4), pp.467-485. Aguinis, H., Joo, H. and Gottfredson, R.K., 2013. What monetary rewards can and cannot do: How to show employees the money.Business Horizons,56(2), pp.241-249. Altman, S., Valenzi, E. and Hodgetts, R.M., 2013.Organizational behavior: Theory and practice. Elsevier. Cawley, J. and Price, J.A., 2013. A case study of a workplace wellness program that offers financial incentives for weight loss.Journal of health economics,32(5), pp.794-803. Cerasoli, C.P., Nicklin, J.M. and Ford, M.T., 2014. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,140(4), p.980. Chiang, F.F. and Birtch, T.A., 2012. The performance implications of financial and non?financial rewards: an Asian nordic comparison.Journal of Management Studies,49(3), pp.538-570. Chng, D.H.M., Rodgers, M.S., Shih, E. and Song, X.B., 2012. When does incentive compensation motivate managerial behaviors? An experimental investigation of the fit between incentive compensation, executive core self?evaluation, and firm performance.Strategic Management Journal,33(12), pp.1343-1362. Dalal, R.S., Baysinger, M., Brummel, B.J. and LeBreton, J.M., 2012. The relative importance of employee engagement, other job attitudes, and trait affect as predictors of job performance.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,42(S1), pp.E295-E325. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Garbers, Y. and Konradt, U., 2014. The effect of financial incentives on performance: A quantitative review of individual and team?based financial incentives.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.102-137. Glasziou, P., Buchan, H., Mar, C.D., Doust, J., Harris, M., Knight, R., Scott, A., Scott, I.A. and Stockwell, A., 2012. When financial incentives do more good than harm: a checklist.Bmj,5047, pp.345-350. Grandey, A.A., Chi, N.W. and Diamond, J.A., 2013. Show me the money! Do financial rewards for performance enhance or undermine the satisfaction from emotional labor?.Personnel Psychology,66(3), pp.569-612. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Parke, H., Ashcroft, R., Brown, R., Marteau, T.M. and Seale, C., 2013. Financial incentives to encourage healthy behaviour: an analysis of UK media coverage.Health Expectations,16(3), pp.292-304. Pilz, D. and Gewald, H., 2013. Does Money Matter? Motivational Factors for Participation in Paid-and Non-Profit-Crowdsourcing Communities. InWirtschaftsinformatik(p. 37). Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), pp.32-39. Terera, S.R. and Ngirande, H., 2014. The impact of rewards on job satisfaction and employee retention.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(1), p.481. Thompson, N.C., 2014.Investigating talent attraction: percieved attractiveness of non-financial reward elements by means of an experimental design(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Young, G.J., Beckman, H. and Baker, E., 2012. Financial incentives, professional values and performance: A study of pay?for?performance in a professional organization.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(7), pp.964-983.

Self Image Self Esteem free essay sample

Wrww. imis. ac. in Study Note @ Consumer Behavior Do advertisements influence our self image and our self esteem? Some critics accuse marketers of systematically creating anxiety, promoting envy, and fostering feelings of inadequacy and insecurity to sell us their products. Marketers respond that advertising does nothing more than mirror societys values, alerts people to new products and bargains, or motivate people to switch brands. At the very worst, they say, it bores or annoys. Of course, some ads provide information useful to consumers. And advertising clearly plays a alid role in an economy based on a system of free enterprise. The question is not whether advertising is valid; clearly, it is. The concern discussed here is the relationship between the images presented in ads and our sense of self. Can ads influence what we perceive as valid roles for ourselves in our society? And can our self-image and self-esteem be influenced by advertising? What are the images that ads present? Everywhere we turn, advertisements tell us what it means to be a desirable man or woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Image Self Esteem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ads paint limited images of what men and women can be. Because ads are everywhere in our society, these limited images sink into our conscious and unconscious minds. In this way, ads help limit our understanding of our worth and our full potential. Ads tend to present women in limited roles. Girls and women in ads show concern about their bodies, their clothes, their homes, and the need to attract a boy or man. Seldom are women shown in work settings, business roles, or positions of responsibility and authority. Our society recognizes many valid roles for women, but this isnt always reflected in ads. Also, the girls and omen in ads are presented as beautiful. But ads offer a very limited, narrow image of beauty. The advertising industry favors models with facial features that look Anglo, even if the model is Black or Hispanic. Ads also present a very thin body type as though it were the most common or most desirable body type. Researchers have found that girls and women who work as models weigh 23% less than the average female their age. And the hips of an average department store mannequin measure six inches less than that of the average young woman. Girls, women, boys, and men eeing these commercial images may be influenced to think of an ultra-thin female body as more normal or desirable than one of average weight. The extreme preoccupation with weight fostered by advertising images is reflected in the fact that 80% of 10year-old girls report having dieted and that eight million American women suffer from anorexia or bulimia, two potentially life-threatening eating disorders. In reality, many different kinds of facial features and body types are beautiful. Besides, the flawless appearance of women in ads isnt even real. Its an illusion created by akeup artists, photographers. Each image is carefully worked over. Blemishes, wrinkles, and stray hairs are Page Prof. Suvendu Kr. Pratihari wrww. imis. ac. in airbrushed away. Teeth and eyeballs are bleached white. In some cases, the picture you see is actually made of several photos. The face of one model may be combined with the body of a second model and the legs of a third. So many of the pictures we see are artificial, manufactured images. What happens when a girl or woman compares her real self with this narrow, unreal image of perfection? She may feel unattractive. When her self-image suffers, often her self-esteem is damaged too. She then looks for ways to improve her image and self-esteem. Ads also present an image of the ideal male. Although ads targeting boys and men do not present as narrow an imaginary physical ideal as do ads targeting girls and women, they still present a very limited view of masculinity. For girls and women, body image is emphasized in most ads. For boys and men, the image emphasized is an image of attitude. Boys and young men in ads typically play the part of someone who is cool and confident, independent, even a rebel. Men in ads tend to have an aura of power, physical strength, confidence, dominance, and detachment. The implied message for the viewer is that this is the way to be cool; this is the way a young man should act. The male image shown in ads almost never includes such traits as sensitivity, vulnerability, or compassion. This may discourage boys and men from displaying these natural and desirable human traits. Ads may thus limit a boy or mans sense of what he can or should be. The actors in ads tend to be handsome, with clear complexions and hair that is perfectly combed or perfectly windblown. They are also almost always athletic. Physical or even sexual prowess is suggested in scenes of physically challenging, dangerous, or aggressive sports. The self-image of boys and men who do not exhibit these traits for example, who have normal complexions, are not athletic, and dont feel cool and confident may suffer when they watch these ads. Negative feelings about oneself, whether related to appearance or anything else, can be followed by lower self-esteem. Ads offer to sell a new self-image. Of course, the ads that injure our self-image and self-esteem dont stop there. They conveniently ffer to sell a product that will solve our newly imagined problem. Consider this quote from Nancy Shalek, president of an advertising agency: Advertising at its best is making people feel that without their product, youre a loser. Kids are very sensitive to that. If you tell them to buy something, they are resistant. But if you tell them theyll be a dork if they dont, youve got their attention. You open up emotional vulnerabilities and its very easy to do with kids because theyre the most emotionally vulnerable. Another person involved in marketing, Charles Kettering, said that elling new products is about the organized creation of dissatisfaction. Many commonly accepted ideas about appearance for example, that skin should be blemish free and teeth bright white are not absolute truths. These expectations were artificially created wrww. imis. ac. in over a period of years by those who wanted to sell certain kinds of products and promoted the idea that we needed t hose products if our physical appearance was to be acceptable. Lets take a closer look at this emphasis on appearance. Ads tend to convey the idea that appearance is all-important. They teach us to be self-conscious about how we look. When we grow up surrounded by ads, intense self-scrutiny may seem normal. Of course, all cultures have their own ideas about the traits that make a boy or man and a girl or woman attractive. Often these ideas are very, very different than our own. Rather, it is the level of concern with physical appearance that makes modern Americans unique. The intense concern with appearance that is so common in our culture has not been the norm in most cultures. It is an artificial concern that we have acquired from living immersed n a society dominated by commercialism. In summary, there are 4 types of self Image: 1 . Actual Self Image or real self image-How Consumers in-fact see themselves. 2. Ideal Self Image-How Consumers would like to see themselves 3. Social Self Image or Reflected Self-image or Looking Glass Self Image-How consumers feel others see them. In much case, peoples actions are determined by a somewhat definite imagination of how they appear to other people: the peoples image of themselves is determined by their ideas about what other people think of them. For example, if a erson cannot spell correctly, he might refuse to write and seriously hurt his chances to succeed; or he might study spelling a great deal and improve his chances for a success. If he has bad breath, he might refuse to talk or breathe around other people or he might use mouthwash, stop smoking, or not eat certain foods. Until he either imagines that someone objects to these flaws (or until someone tells him) he is likely to continue to act in what he feels to be an acceptable manner. The Looking Glass Self normally helps the individual to become more successful, better liked person. If, however, constant fear about other peoples opinions prevents him from achieving self-confidence, he may choose to become a social outcast. (The Logic behind the name looking glass self image: As we see our face, fgure, and dress in a mirror and are interested in them because they are ours, and pleased or otherwise with them depending on whether they are what we want them to be: so in imagination we see in someone elses mind some thought of our appearance, manners, aims, deeds, character, friends, and so on, and are affected by it. ) 4. Ideal Social Self Image-How consumers would like others to see them. It also seems useful to think in terms of two other types of self image. i. e. Page 3 wrww. imis. ac. in 5. Expected Self- how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified future time. It happens somewhere in between actual and ideal self image. consists of traits or characteristics that an individual believes it is his or her duty or obligation to possess. E. g. striving to achieve a deeper religious understanding or the seeking of a fair or Just solution to a challenging ethical problem. 4

Waggle Dance essays

Waggle Dance essays In every bee hive there are three types of bees, a queen, drones, and many workers. The lone queen honeybee is a fertile female, while the drone honeybees are males that are exclusively used for reproduction. It is the many worker honeybees, infertile females, that are responsible for foraging for food. For hundreds of years biologists and naturalists have noticed that the worker honeybees do not all go out to search for food at the same time, but rather send out scouts ahead. These scout honeybees locate the food, return to the hive, and then the rest of the workers go to collect the rest of the food. Many scientists, dating back to Aristotle, have been baffled by how the worker bees are able to locate the food sought out by the scouts. How do the scout and worker honeybees communicate in the hive to alert each other where to forage for the food? In 1943, an Austrian entomologist, Karl von Frisch hypothesized that the scouts were able to communicate the necessary information to the other worker bees by moving in specific patterns after returning to the hive. He called this movement the waggle dance. Karl von Frisch said that the waggle dance of the honeybee was able to communicate the distance, the direction, and even the type and amount of food to the other worker honeybees. He published his findings in a book called The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees, and later received the noble prize in 1973 for his breakthroughs in animal behavior. Before he published his findings, Karl von Frisch spent years experimenting and recording observations to try and solve the mystery of honeybee communication. He started by placing a dish filled with sugar water a short distance from a bee hive. He noticed that immediately after placing the dish outside, the dish was swarmed with many honeybees. As the dish continued to empty, increasingly less honeybees came to it. However, if he refilled the dish and one of the bees...

Halloween Movie Quotes That Will Haunt You

Halloween Movie Quotes That Will Haunt You Hollywood has produced some fabulous horror classics. Movies like Nightmare on Elm Street, House on Haunted Hill, The Shining, and The Sixth Sense are blockbusters that made horror a winning formula. What makes horror movies so enticing?​ Halloween  commemorates the living and the dead, the real and the surreal. Even for a non-believer, Halloween is a fun festival as it creates an aura of mystery and daredevilry around us. Likewise, horror movies are thrilling because of special effects, mysterious plotline, and voodoo science. Stories about the supernatural try to unravel the mysteries that surround death and rebirth. Horror Movies Quotes Use these Halloween movie quotes to spook your party guests. With voice modulation and the right sound effects, these quotes can make any brave-heart shudder. You can also use these quotes to decorate your Halloween party invites, party favors, and thank you cards. Nightmare on Elm StreetChildren: One, two. Reds calling for you. Three, four. Better lock your door. Five, six. Grab your crucifix. Seven, eight. Gonna stay up late. Nine, ten. Never sleep again.Planet TerrorDr. William Block: Im gonna eat your brains, and gain your knowledge.The Addams FamilyMorticia [to Gomez, watching Pugsley sleep]:  Its so sweet. He looks just like a little entrà ©e.The HauntingTheodora: Havent you noticed how nothing in this house seems to move until you look away and then you just... catch something out of the corner of your eye?The UninvitedRoderick Fitzgerald: Thats not because there are most ghosts here than other places, mind you. Its just that people who live here about are strangely aware of them. You see, day and night, year in, year out, they listen to the pound and stir of the waves. Theres life and death in that restless sound. And eternity too.The OthersMrs. Mills: Sometimes the world of the living gets mixed up with the world of the dead. The Addams FamilyMargaret [to Morticia]: You are too precious for words, why I could just... eat you alive!The OthersMrs. Mills: The intruders are leaving, but others will come. Sometimes well sense them. Other times, we wont.The FlyVeronica Quaife: Be afraid. Be very afraid.Silence of the LambsHannibal Lecter: I ate his liver with some fava beans and a fine Chianti.Childs PlayChucky: Hi! Im Chucky. Want to play?Dawn of the DeadTelevangelist: When theres no more room in hell, the dead will walk the earth.The Sixth SenseCole Sear: I see dead people.Halloween H20: 20 Years LaterNorma Watson: You know, its Halloween. I guess everyone is entitled to one good scare, huh?Halloween (1978)Dr. Sam Loomis: Death has come to your little town, Sheriff. You can either ignore it, or you can help me to stop it.Halloween (2007)Dr. Samuel Loomis: These eyes will deceive you, they will destroy you. They will take from you, your innocence, your pride, and eventually your soul. These eyes do not see wha t you and I see. Behind these eyes one finds only blackness, the absence of light, these are of a psychopath. Halloween (1978)Tommy: You cant kill the Boogey man.American PsychoPatrick Bateman: I want to stab you to death, and then play around with your blood.Friday the 13thCrazy Ralph: Im a messenger of God. Youre doomed if you stay here. This place is cursed. Cursed... Its got a death curse!

7. The prospect of Turkish membership in the EU has led to the Essay

7. The prospect of Turkish membership in the EU has led to the emergence of increasingly stringent conditions for membership. Discuss - Essay Example Expansion has largely been carried out in the countries of the former Soviet Union and this organization continues to come under pressure to expand eastward. Accordingly Turkey, a predominately Muslim country straddling the border between Europe and Asia, is seeking membership into one of the most exclusive multilateral clubs in the world. Undertaking an analysis the candidacy of Turkey for membership in the EU, the following will discuss the major obstacles to the inclusion of Turkey within this exclusive multilateral club. This essay will begin with a concise overview of the European Union and will address the evolution of the EU following the collapse of state-led communism in Eastern Europe. This led to an increased desire for the EU to expand and the ramifications of this incredible and for some, unimaginable, fact will be analyzed with respect to the EU. We then turn to an analysis of enlargement, the ever-increasing demand for growth, the trajectory in which the EU has grown and finally, the reasons why Turkey is not a suitable candidate for membership in the European Union. We will explore the domestic and historical factors which make Turkey a poor candidate for EU membership and will conclude with a broad overview of our overall analysis (Warleigh 13; Fierke & Wiener 1-24). The European Union (EU) is a supranational body composed of constituent member states, found largely on the European peninsula. Democracy, negotiation, and collective decision-making through multilateralism are all inherent attributes of the modern EU. Today, membership in the European Union is actively sought by nearly all countries on the European peninsula as well as by one country straddling both Europe and Middle Asia (Turkey). Although there were initially only five members of the precursor to the European Union (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany), there are presently 27 countries in the EU and they

International Financial Reporting Standards Assignment - 1

International Financial Reporting Standards - Assignment Example More than 100 countries have formally accepted IFRS as the standards for preparing financial statements and to become compatible with each other. IFRS are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), a private sector international body. In fact, IASB itself is a new body, which emerged on the international scene in the year 2001, by replacing the International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC). With the increasing acceptance of these standards around the world, it appears all the more necessary for multinational enterprises (MNE) and countries with a global presence, that they should adopt the IFRS in order to make their functioning more acceptable in these areas. This will not only help the MNEs to save on their resources, but it will also help them in making use of similar modular and portable systems for accounting. There are many countries where the IFRS are not yet in use, but even in such countries, IFRS inspired standards are now being used. This helps in making the fullest use of the globalization and liberalization practices. Therefore it is in the interest of US companies that they should adopt the IFRS in all sincerity and make the best use of the available opportunities. In fact, adopting uniform standards will also help in tracking financial irregularities and thinking of appropriate solutions. Key benefits of going for IFRS include; i. Streamlining of reporting of the financial health of the company ii. Cost reduction - as companies will be able to make standard packages iii. Consistency in operations and financial details iv. Comparison with international competitors becomes easier. v. Better opportunities for accessing capital markets  

How Consumer Insight Are Shaping Companies in India Essay Example for Free

How Consumer Insight Are Shaping Companies in India Essay Customer is King is an adage that most companies across the globe have embraced. The need to concentrate on customers and be responsive to their demands has long been acknowledged by organizations. However, with globalisation and technological revolution the dynamics of business, the meaning of customer and market knowledge have all undergone a transformation. Today, the customer is the controlling factor in business and to be market-driven, an organisation has to evolve a culture that constantly listens to the customer, analyses competition and has strategies that meet existing, anticipated and even unanticipated needs of the customer. Going one step further, organizations must focus on customer relationship management which has given way to customer knowledge management. Given the international environment and knowledge economy, market and customer intelligence serves as a core competency and a principal source of competitive advantage. Leading by listening Practically every success story in today’s corporate realm reflects how awareness of customer needs shapes competitive business strategy. Let’s look at some examples. Procter Gamble When PG, the largest consumer goods company in the world, chose to offer its products to the lower income customer in developing countries, it had research teams associating with the poorest of homes for weeks. This gave the company valuable insights, which aided the company in creating a range of products that suited the pockets of this segment, enabling it to gain substantial market share. Amazon.com Amazon.com, the first e-retailer of books in the world, attained competitive advantage by emerging as book lovers’ forum where they could also share knowledge. It maintains customer knowledge through services such as book reviews, access to order histories and product recommendations based on preceding orders. Consequently, Amazon has recorded more than 70% repeat orders from its customers. Mahindra Mahindra Mahindra Mahindra’s SUV, Scorpio, has experienced enormous success in domestic and international markets. The positioning of Scorpio as an economy SUV was centered on the findings of extensive market visits and exploration of customer needs. The customer needs and wants ascertained were transformed into product specifications for Scorpio. Customer groups were consulted at every stage of design and product development. Scorpio was designated as the â€Å"Car of the Year† by ‘BBC on Wheels’ shortly after its launch. Indian Railways The amazing transformation of Indian Railways from what was termed as a white elephant to a profit making entity in less than two years has caught the attention of Indian and foreign academic and corporate establishments. This turnaround was not owing to any high-end technology but to a modest information means — the passenger feedback form. Data attained from these forms was analysed to identify customer expectations from the Railways. This was supported by a study of the best railways worldwide, and benchmarking with other transportations such as roadways and airlines. The outcome was a complete renovation of trains, stations and railway services to render them passenger-friendly. Needless to say, customers welcomed this change. The above examples highlight that it is vital to listen to customers for a success marketer-customer relationship, where the customer is not just a beneficiary, but a partner. Effective listening, together with strategic initiatives, can bring about a happily-ever-after end to this association.

Films that were enjoyed and disliked :: essays research papers

Films that were enjoyed and disliked   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The DVD The Movies Begin by Kino video is a testament to the early beginnings of film history. The series outlines man’s earliest attempts to create visual representations of the world around them, with great success. There are many short films on the disc that range from real events to staged minute long â€Å"stories.† There are some films that are enjoyable on levels of artistic creativity, while others lack motivation and are tedious (despite their short length).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film that sticks out most in terms of creativity is Georges Melies’ A Trip To The Moon (1902). This film chronicles the short but adventure filled flight of men to the moon. They make a large steel vessel, and travel to the moon where they encounter hostile alien beings. The film gave early audiences the fantasy of what was at the time impossible. This was primarily because of the use of special effects and a creative set design. This happened to be the result of Melies’ work as a magician. He also made use of editing to aid in his visual interpretation, making the audience believe that the aliens mysteriously evaporated after being hit with an umbrella. Melies also created a structure that was comprehensible. A simple venture into space; aliens and danger; escape to earth. This seemed to represent the three-act structure comparable to today’s films. All these elements created a landscape most audiences had never envisioned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another short film that warrants mention for simple creativity yet has underlying political tones is Ferdinand Zecca’s The Golden Beetle (1907). This film uses special effects as its main draw, showing a man enticed, then killed by a beautiful woman (beetle). Color tints on the film gave it an unusual look, as the woman appears to have an aura of gold around her body. The film’s climax sees the demise of the man in a fiery death. This was most probably the result of the cultural attitudes toward women during this period. The film suggests that a woman could be mysterious and alluring, yet simultaneously destructive and overwhelming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One film that was pioneering in its technical attributes was the Lumiere brothers’ film Leaving Jerusalem By Railway (1896). This was a short film where the camera was at the rear of a train as it pulled away. This was revolutionary for the period because it took the camera away from the common stationary position somewhat, creating a tracking shot.

Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding

MEASURING OUTSTANDING REVENUE AS WEEKS BILLING OUTSTANDING By SACHIN GHOGLE Introduction Financial management focuses in finding the value in accounts receivable by emphasizing on improving the collections process and hence accelerating the cash flow. ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is the amount due from the customer as a result of an organisation’s normal business operation, that is, it is the amount that has been billed by organisations and is due, but which has not been collected. The management of ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is an important source of cash and hence an important parameter that the management should measure. The estimation of time to recoup the revenue outstanding is important to determine the profit of any organisation. Most prefer to receive payment immediately rather than to wait for it, especially because sometimes payment is never made in the latter scenario. There is no one general technique to estimate the time to recoup the revenue that can be adopted by all the organisations. It varies from organisation to organisation depending on the nature of business and the needs and strategies of the management. Although there is no certainty of receiving payments from all the customers, organisations use various methods to calculate the revenue outstanding or the payment that will be recovered later at a any particular point of time. The Weeks Billing Outstanding (WBO) measure calculates the revenue outstanding based on the total number of week’s billings required to recoup current Revenue Outstanding. The WBO is an important financial parameter, which shows the age in weeks, in an organization's accounts receivable and is defined in terms of the average time taken to convert the outstanding revenue into cash. The WBO measure helps the management to measure the effectiveness of collection activities and alert the management with problem accounts. If the WBO is low, then less time is spent to collect outstanding revenue. By quickly converting the billings into cash, the organisation can reinvest this cash and convert it into profits. 1 The WBO Measure A payer is responsible to pay for the services used. The total outstanding revenue of a payer is the sum of invoiced amount minus the cash received against some of the invoices minus the unallocated cash/ payments received as advance or prepayment from the payer. Some organisations report the outstanding revenue as being outstanding from the date of the invoice as opposed to the ‘due date’ of the payment. The Weeks Billing Outstanding is the total number of days billings corresponding to the payer required to recoup the current outstanding revenue for the payer divided by number of days in a week. WBO = DBO/7 This WBO is calculated for an individual payer level whereas the management needs the overall WBO for a single business unit or a particular territory. There are three methods to calculate the overall WBO for a single business unit. The overall WBO (Method 1) for a single business unit or a particular territory can then be calculated as the average of the WBO for all the payers within the corresponding business unit or territory. The overall WBO (Method 2) for a single business unit can be more accurately calculated from the business perspective by considering the weighted average of the individual WBO over an important business parameter (for example, the accumulated revenue over the past one year). These two methods can showcase the weak link or the strong link affecting the outstanding revenue. After identifying the weak link, the management can focus on the weak payers to reduce their outstanding revenue and to improve the overall cash flow within the system. The overall WBO (Method 3) can be calculated as the total number of days billings (cumulative for all the payers within the business unit) required to recoup the current total outstanding revenue for the business unit (cumulative for all the payers). Though this method cannot point the weak link, it is more accurate. 2 How to use WBO Measure Reference Date: 01 March 2008 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a Payer P1 Invoiced Amount $80,000 Cash Received $20,000 Open Amount $60,000 Unallocated Cash / Payments $15,000 Outstanding Revenue $45,000 Open Amount = Invoiced Amount – Cash Received Outstanding Revenue = Open Amount – Unallocated Cash / Payments Received US $45000 is the Outstanding Revenue from a Payer P1 Listed below is the Billing Details against Payer P1 Billing Date 1-Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 Cumulative Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $55,000 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 This chart shows that a Billing of amount $55,000 against a Payer P1 which is greater that the outstanding revenue $45,000 from a payer P1is achieved after 18 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 18 days. 3 Hence the week s billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows: WBO = DBO / 7 = 18 / 7 = 2. 57 Similarly, the WBO for each payer can be calculated. Consider the calculated WBO figures for n Payers to be as follows: Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4 2 15. 5 1. 5 1 0. 5 And the Management is interested in the Overall WBO measure for a business unit or a territory. Method 1 Overall WBO can be calculated as the average of the WBO’s of all the payers within the particular Business unit or territory. The overall WBO hence will be ? 1-N WBO ————N N = Total number of Payers The Overall WBO = (4 + 2 + 15. 5 + 1. 5 + 1 + 0. 5)/6 = 4. 09 The Overall WBO is 4. 9 even though the WBO for Payer P3 is 15. 5 4 Method 2 Now let us consider the following chart. Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4. 5 2 15. 5 3. 5 1 0. 5 Accumulated revenue over the past 1 year ( In Millions) 0. 5 1 50 5 2 0. 2 ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) . 25 2 775 17. 5 2 0. 1 x The considerations of a business parameter, here the Accumulated Revenue over the past one year for each of these payers will alter the view in which the WBO is to be measured from a management perspective. The management weighs payer P3 about 15 times more than payer P5 as the revenue accumulated from payer P3 is approximately 15 times more than that from payer P1. As the WBO for Payer P3 is high compared to the Overall WBO calculated in Method 1, the alternative to improve the calculation is to use a Weighted average of the WBO as opposed to the normal average. As per the new formula Overall WBO = ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) ——————————-? 1-n (Acc. Rev) Overall WBO = ( 2. 25 + 2 + 775 + 17. 5 + 2 + 0. 1) ——————————————-(0. 5 + 1 + 50 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 0. 2 ) = 798. 85 / 58. 7 = 13. 61 The new Overall WBO is now closer to the WBO of the Payer P3 who is a major payer for the organization. 5 Method 3 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a single business unit Invoiced Amount $1. 50 Cash Received $0. 80 Open Amount $0. 70 Unallocated Cash / Payments $0. 20 Outstanding Revenue $0. 50 $0. 5 million is the overall outstanding revenue for the business unit Listed below is the overall Billing Details for the business unit Billing Date -Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 12-Feb-2008 11-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 10 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 07 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 80 $0. 00 $0. 02 $0. 00 $0. 10 Cumulative Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 22 $0. 22 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 32 $0. 32 $0. 40 $0. 40 $0. 42 $0. 42 $0. 52 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 These charts show that a Billing of amount $0. 2 million which is greater that the outstanding revenue $0. 5 million is achieved after 20 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 20 days. Hence the weeks billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows WBO = DBO / 7 = 20 / 7 = 2. 86 6 Based on the pros and cons of the various methods, every organization would select a method to measure its Weeks Billing Outstanding, which wil l form the baseline for their reporting. Then the management has to devise appropriate procedures to gather the required data to implement the selected method. 7

7 Year War

The war consisting of three names, known to the Europeans as â€Å"the 7 year war,† the Canadians as â€Å"The conquest,† and to the English Americans as â€Å"The French and Indian War. † The French and Indian War started in 1756 and lasted roughly 7 years. It all started at â€Å"The Forks of Ohio. † Present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Both Great Britain and France hoped to get there first and take control of the land for themselves. The river was a natural highway for trade and both sides had their own plans for the land.France formed alliances with the Native Americans who lived around their forts and would most often live and work along side of the natives taking in their way of life The river would be a way for them to travel faster for trade amongst other colonies, they built most of their trading posts along the rivers. The French traded amongst the Native Americans for valuable animal fur, which later they would send to Europe to be sold. Anothe r reason the French became a great threat to Great Britain, they had and controlled more land.By 1700 the French land stretched from Canada, across the Great Lakes, down to the Mississippi River and to New Orleans. This and the wanting The â€Å"Forks of Ohio† themselves will be the cause of the war we know today as the â€Å"French and Indian War. † The British, busy building their colonies along the coast of the Atlantic. These settlers were brought to America with the desire to become rich or to practice their own religious beliefs freely. Most of their living being made farming or trading.The British outnumbered the French due to the fact that they built more small villages and towns, bringing more British over in their conquest for riches. The vast number of British caused for them to move around in search for more land, moving them west, most often causing conflict with the Native Americans trying to protect their land. Between the years 1689 and 1748 a series of three wars were fought amongst them both all for control of North America, in which neither side fully won.On Great Britain’s side, a young twenty-one commander in chief was the start to the notorious war, firing the first shots starting the first true war, â€Å"George Washington. † The two armies collided near The Forks of Ohio in 1754 causing Britain’s victory over the French for a short period of time. Once French soldiers surrounding the area caught word of the attack they band together and went in search of George Washington and his men.The French soon arrived to find George and his men hiding in a stockade they had built to fend of the French soldiers, the stockade soon developed the name â€Å"Fort Nessecity. † Washington and his men soon out numbered caused the British to surrender and to their surprise was able to return home. When this war began the French teamed with the Canadian colonists and their native alliances they traded amongst for ye ars. The French proved loyal to the Natives over the period of time they conducted business together.This help make up for the vast outnumbering Britain had over the French. Britain teamed with the American colonies and 4 of the 6 Iroquois Nations, who were not to fond of the French to begin with, due to the taking over their land and changing their way of life by driving out their game they used for hunting and destroying their crops. 1755, General Braddock, appointed general at the time led yet another attack at â€Å"Fort Duquesne,† the new name of the French fort at the â€Å"Fork of the Ohio. Alongside the General came George Washington, now Junior leader of the British army. It was this battle that General Braddock became injured and later died. The battle lasted only about three hours and ended with the British once again retreating. This battle soon came to become â€Å" The Battle of the Wilderness. † The British strategy of attack was no match for the defens e of the French. The French and Natives would hide amongst the trees and the wilderness leaving the British shooting in the dark and wide open targets. 756, this year became the start of what seemed to be a huge loss amongst the British. â€Å"Fort Oswego† in New York was captured by the French. 1757 â€Å"Fort William Henry,† soon became French territory. Attack after attack by the French caught the British army off guard as the French and Natives pulled land after land from underneath the British. This battle caused different countries all over the world to take sides.By 1756 war was not just in North America anymore but consisted of most of the countries throughout the world. In 1757, William Pitt took over the position of leadership for Great Britain. In 1758, Pitt ordered an attack at â€Å"Fort Louisburg† a French fortress off the coast of Canada. They thought that if they could get control of the key then they would have access to the rivers running throu gh, making for battle by water a lot easier of a solution for them.The British brought with the double the men than what existed at the fortress at the time, outnumbering the French, this led to the surrender by the French and gave the British two heads up on the battle. The war started to take a turn for the best for Great Britain. Soon the British had control of â€Å" Fort Frontenac† on Lake Ontario in the year 1758. This loss for the French really made a dent in the British victory, making it harder for the French trade.The fall of 1758, the French abandoned â€Å"Fort Duquesne† causing the British to take control of the Forks of Ohio. The name â€Å"Pittsburgh† soon became the new fort name, after William Pitt, Pitt was the reasoning for the turn of the war in the British favor, earning him the title of the name. 1759, the invasion in Canada was sent under way. â€Å"Lake Champlain† was claimed by the British clearing another path to Canada for the B ritish.Summer, 1759 James Wolfe led a large fleet up the St. Lawrence River, targeting Quebec. Wolfe and his men set up fort across the river from Quebec, planning out a way to carry out their attack. Months pass, several attempts on Quebec’s steep land fails. Wolfe catches word of a secret trail that became ideal for the attack. September, the night attack by Wolfe and his men , sent under way led to the surrender of the French in Quebec.The French retreated to Montreal, although on both sides both generals lost their lives, Wolfe and Montcalm the British proudly marched in to Quebec on September 18th the year 1759. This battle was one of the last chances for the French to have any control over North America. The wars continued but never again did the French see another victory. Great Britain had taken over and their forces seemed to be too overwhelming for the French. The war around the war continued and still led to the French and their allies failing. 763 came around and both the British and the French decided it was time for a Truce. The treaty called â€Å"The peace of Paris† was drawn up and signed. The terms, The French gave up Canada, India and the Florida territories. The British now had control of most of North America. Although it felt like peace had been made at last even though Great Britain’s powerful force took over most of North America, this war had and impact that would not be avoided not only for the colonists but for the Native Americans as well.Great Britain now controlled vast’s amounts of land and more land meant more soldiers to protect this land. This became costly, the new government then imposed new taxes for the colonists. As imagined, the colonists grew unhappy with this decision. They felt the victory had to do with them as well and their new found freedom should be enjoyed, this was not the case. This will soon cause even more conflict in the future. The Native Americans, felt the impact in the worst way.After British victory more and more settlers moved to North America taking control of even more land, creating their tobacco crops and scaring away the wildlife the Natives become accustomed to hunt. The Native American not only were being pushed out of their land but could not continue their way of life they lived for centuries. This became a problem and caused war amongst the natives and the British. 1763, a proclamation was created, making the first reservation between the Appalachian and the Mississippi River for the natives.This was an attempt at peace, trying to avoid war with the natives. War is costly and Great Britain trying to maintain their vast majority of land had too many cost to deal with as it was. This law was to protect the land from the settlers. This treaty did little or nothing for the Natives as the settlers still continued to move west forcing the natives from their land. The taxes and the proclamation caused even more anger amongst the colonists, they beg an a disagreement with the British rule.The relationship between Great Britain and The American colonies would soon fall apart leading to none only than â€Å"The American Revolution. † A new war at hand. Bibliography: Santella, Andrew, â€Å"We the people, The French and Indian war,† (Compass Points Books, 2004) , 4-48 Anderson, Fred, â€Å"Crucible of war,† (A Division Of Random House, New York), 479 Vaugeois, Dennis â€Å"The last of the French and Indian War,† Montreal, (Mcgillqueens University Press, 2002) 1-100

Cryonics essays

Cryonics essays What is Cryonics? Cryonics is the process of freezing and storing the body of a diseased, recently deceased person to prevent tissue decomposition so that at some future time the person might be brought back to life upon development of new medical cures. CRYO- Cold; freezing IONICS- The study of the structure and function of organisms in order to apply this knowledge to the creation. Cryonics, is the rapid cooling of a persons body, usually in liquid nitrogen, in order to preserve the tissue and cellular and molecular structure in the hopes that future advancements in science and technology will be developed to allow them to brought back to life. Hopefully by then will have cures for cancer, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, or the effects of aging, thereby potentially restoring the individual back to good health. Before you die you are assigned a cryonics team so as soon you die they come and get you, usually by helicopter. Your body is then put into an ice bath, to gradually cool your body down. They put you on a heart and lung resuscitator to restore blood and oxygen flow to the brain to eliminate the possibility of brain damage. After that your blood is reduced to 2 degrees above freezing temperature. Finally all of the blood in you is drained out and is replaced with an organ preserving fluid, and your body is flown back to the cryonics lab. At the cryonics lab, the fluid that they had put in your body before are drained out and it is replaced with liquid nitrogen, which is anti-freeze basically. This is done so your bodys tissue wont get frostbite. After a few days your body temperature is reduced to 196 degrees! Lastly it is moved to a big flask where you are stored head down. Just in case there is a little bit of accidental thawing your feet will that first that way and your brain will be saved. The Cryonics Movement began in 1962 after the publication o...

Erving Goffman - Biography and Works

Erving Goffman - Biography and Works Erving Goffman (1922-1982) was a major Canadian-American sociologist who played a significant role in the development of modern American sociology. He is considered by some to be the most influential sociologist of the 20th century, thanks to his many significant and lasting contributions to the field.  He is widely known and celebrated as a major figure in the development of  symbolic interaction theory  and for developing the dramaturgical perspective. His most widely read works include  The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life  and  Stigma: Notes the Management of Spoiled Identity. Major Contributions Goffman is credited for making significant contributions to the field of sociology. He is considered a pioneer of micro-sociology, or the close examination of the social interactions that compose everyday life. Through this type of work, Goffman presented evidence and theory for the social construction of the self as it is presented to and managed for others, created the concept of framing and the perspective of frame analysis, and set the foundation for the study of impression management. In addition, through his study of social interaction, Goffman made a lasting mark on how sociologists understand and study stigma and how it affects the lives of people who experience it. His studies also laid the groundwork for the study of strategic interaction within game theory and laid the foundation for the method and subfield of conversation analysis. Based on his study of mental institutions, Goffman created the concept and framework for studying total institutions and the process of resocialization that takes place within them. Early Life and Education Erving Goffman was born June 11, 1922, in Alberta, Canada. His parents, Max and Anne Goffman, were Ukrainian Jews and had emigrated to Canada prior to his birth. After his parents moved to Manitoba, Goffman attended St. Johns Technical High School in Winnipeg and in 1939 he began his university studies in chemistry at the University of Manitoba. Goffman would later switch to studying sociology at the University of Toronto and completed his B.A. in 1945. Following that, Goffman enrolled at the University of Chicago for graduate school and completed a Ph.D. in sociology in 1953. Trained in the tradition of the Chicago School of Sociology, Goffman conducted ethnographic research  and studied symbolic interaction theory. Among his major influences were Herbert Blumer, Talcott Parsons, Georg Simmel, Sigmund Freud, and Émile  Durkheim. His first major study, for his doctoral dissertation, was an account of everyday social interaction and rituals on Unset, an island among the Shetland Islands chain in Scotland (Communication Conduct in an Island Community, 1953). Goffman married Angelica Choate in 1952 and a year later the couple had a son, Thomas. Sadly, Angelica committed suicide in 1964 after suffering from mental illness. Career and Later Life Following the completion of his Ph.D. and his marriage, Goffman took a job at the National Institute for Mental Health in Bethesda, MD. There, he conducted participant observation research for what would be his second book,  Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates, published in 1961. He described how this process of institutionalization socializes people into the role of a good patient (i.e. someone dull, harmless and inconspicuous), which in turn reinforces the notion that severe mental illness is a chronic state. Goffmans first book, published in 1956, and arguably his most widely taught and famous work, is titled  The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Drawing on his research in the Shetland Islands, it is in this book that Goffman laid out his dramaturgical approach to studying the minutiae of everyday face-to-face interaction. He used the imagery of the theater to portray the importance of human and social action. All actions, he argued, are social performances that aim to give and maintain certain desired impressions of oneself to others. In social interactions, humans are actors on a stage playing a performance for an audience. The only time that individuals can be themselves and get rid of their role or identity in society is backstage where no audience is present. Goffman took a faculty position in the department of sociology at the University of California-Berkeley in 1958. In 1962 he was promoted to full professor. A few years later, in 1968, he was appointed the Benjamin Franklin Chair in Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience  is another of Goffman’s well-known books, published in 1974. Frame analysis is the study of the organization of social experiences and so with his book, Goffman wrote about how conceptual frames structure an individual’s perception of society. He used the concept of a picture frame to illustrate this concept. The frame, he described, represents structure and is used to hold together an individual’s context of what they are experiencing in their life, represented by a picture. In 1981 Goffman married Gillian Sankoff, a sociolinguist. Together the two had a daughter, Alice, who was born in 1982. Sadly, Goffman died of stomach cancer that same year. Today, Alice Goffman is a notable sociologist in her own right. Awards and Honors Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1969)Guggenheim Fellowship (1977-78)Cooley-Mead Award for Distinguished Scholarship, Second on Social Psychology, American Sociological Association (1979)73rd President of the American Sociological Association (1981-82)Mead Award, Society for the Study of Social Problems (1983)6th most cited author in humanities and social sciences in 2007 Other Major Publications Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction (1961)Behavior in Public Places (1963)Interaction Ritual (1967)Gender Advertisements (1976)Forms of Talk (1981)

The Grammar of Hip-hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Grammar of Hip-hop - Essay Example The hip-hop dance had become very famous among American boys and was making roots in the minds of European youngsters. The years 1983 and 1984 saw a change in the outlook of teen agers and pre-teenagers of European countries. The reason behind could be youngsters’ desire to show their masculinity, which was not coming out in the absence of traditional repertoires of western societies. It allowed them to show off their physical prowess and masculine attitude through hip-hop dance forms. Popping and break-dance became very popular at the end of 70s. It was an obsession with pre-teen and teen age children particularly boys , as â€Å"popping† and â€Å"breaking† provided a medium to exhibit their hidden energy, aggression and masculinity. Hip-hop spread from America to European countries, which was electric in itself in attaining all the paraphern anguage high school based in southwestern Ontario, Canada glimpses the lives of a group of continental Francophone Afric an youths along with their social identity. Not only their refugee status mattered to them but also their experiences on gender and race played alia like â€Å"right† music, clothes – was well supported by mass media and guest appearances from America. One can see the repetition of this hip-hop cultural identity in the body language of ethnic groups – their subjectivities and wants in semiological languages: dress code, body, architecture and photography. A research in an urban, French l an important part in how they identified with the society.